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	<title>专注福禄克测试仪销售与技术 &#187; 什么是工业以太网</title>
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		<title>什么是工业以太网？</title>
		<link>http://www.faxytech.com/archives/industry-ethernet.html</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Feb 2019 05:07:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>深圳连讯</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[技术专栏]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EtherCat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EtherNet/IP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Modbus TCP/IP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Profinet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[什么是工业以太网]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.faxytech.com/?p=10531</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[什么是工业以太网？ 工业以太网由于其固有的可靠性、高性能和互操作性，已经渗透到工厂车间，成为自动化和控制系统的首选通信协议。近年，工业以太网的市场份额已经超过了传统的现场... ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://www.faxytech.com/tag/%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e5%b7%a5%e4%b8%9a%e4%bb%a5%e5%a4%aa%e7%bd%91" title="查看 什么是工业以太网 的全部文章" target="_blank">什么是工业以太网</a></span>？</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">工业以太网由于其固有的可靠性、高性能和互操作性，已经渗透到工厂车间，成为自动化和控制系统的首选通信协议。近年，工业以太网的市场份额已经超过了传统的现场总线协议，后者通常需要多个独立和专有的布线设施。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">为了满足工业环境需要，工业以太网本质上使用封装在以太网协议中的特殊工业协议，以确保在需要执行特定操作的时间和位置发送和接收正确信息。让我们来看看这些协议，研究一下工业以太网与商用以太网环境的区别。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><strong>1、四大协议</strong><br/><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">工业数据通信发生在路由层、控制层和传感器层——每一层都需要不同级别的实时信息传输、冲突检测和决策(本质上预先确定任意两个节点之间的路由)。虽然有好几种工业以太网协议可以支持工厂的各种通信要求，但有四个主要协议值得关注——<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://www.faxytech.com/tag/modbus-tcpip" title="查看 Modbus TCP/IP 的全部文章" target="_blank">Modbus TCP/IP</a></span>、<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://www.faxytech.com/tag/ethercat" title="查看 EtherCat 的全部文章" target="_blank">EtherCat</a></span>、<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://www.faxytech.com/tag/ethernetip" title="查看 EtherNet/IP 的全部文章" target="_blank">EtherNet/IP</a></span>和<span class='wp_keywordlink_affiliate'><a href="http://www.faxytech.com/tag/profinet" title="查看 Profinet 的全部文章" target="_blank">Profinet</a></span></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;<br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">Modbus TCP/IP是首个推出的工业以太网协议，它本质上是一种传统的Modbus通信，在以太网传输层协议中压缩，用于在控制设备之间传输离散数据。它利用简单的主从通信，其中“从”节点在没有来自“主”节点的请求的情况下不会发送数据，因此其不被视为真正的实时协议。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">EtherCAT于2003年推出，是一种工业以太网协议，可为自动化系统提供主/从配置的实时通信。EtherCAT的关键要素是所有联网从机都能够从数据包中仅提取所需的相关信息，并在向下游传输时将数据插入帧中——通常称为“飞速”通信。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">以太网/IP最初于2000年推出，是一种主要由罗克韦尔自动化公司提供的广泛应有的应用层工业以太网协议，由开放式设备网络供应商协会(ODVA)提供支持。它是唯一一个完全基于以太网标准并使用标准以太网物理层、数据链路层、网络层和传输层的工业以太网协议。由于其采用标准以太网交换，因此可支持无限数量的节点。然而，要求限制距离，以避免延迟并支持实时通信。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">另一个重要协议(很大程度上是由于嵌入至西门子和GE控制器之中)是Profinet，是西门子与Profibus用户组织的成员公司共同开发的应用协议。它利用集成至设备中的特殊交换机本质上将Profibus I/O控制器通信扩展至以太网。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><strong>2、</strong><strong>电缆设备特性</strong></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">对于支持这些工业以太网的电缆设备而言，与商用以太网LAN相比，存在一些关键差异。首先，我们所说的工业以太网的速度远低于我们在LAN中看到的千兆位和更高带宽需求——100 Mb/s左右是工业以太网的常见速度。这是有道理的，因为与从YouTube下载视频相比，工业网络中发送控制和自动化信息所需的带宽只是个零头。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">由于工业环境要求电缆和连接必须能够抵御各种恶劣条件(振动、液体、灰尘、化学物质和电磁干扰———即满足MICE的环境要求)，因此这些组件的结构要比办公室LAN中使用的组件更为坚固。例如，虽然所用电缆可能只需要具有5类或超5类线性能，但工业电缆通常具有更大规格(通常为22AWG)以适应更高<span class='wp_keywordlink'><a href="http://www.faxytech.com/products/testers/temp" title="温度测试">温度</a></span>，具有屏蔽结构以防止噪音，采用多股绞合导线以实现柔韧性，以及采用聚氨酯等特殊护套材料以实现耐化学性、耐油性和耐磨性。导体本身甚至可以进行涂覆处理以防止被腐蚀。上述特性使得工业以太网电缆的价格比普通LAN电缆高得多。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">工业以太网中使用的连接器也需要更加可靠。虽然专为工业环境而设计的加固型RJ45连接器采用密封以实现防尘防水，并具有耐化学性等特性，但M12连接器由于具有较小的圆形外观和12mm锁紧型螺纹而在工业以太网中得到更广泛应用，即使受到冲击和振动，也能保持可靠连接。此外，M12连接器通常具有更广泛的防侵入保护选项，可承受高压冲刷并且耐腐蚀。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">M12连接器提供直线式和呈角度配置，可实现多种机械连接，最常见的为4针或8针。4针支持大多数工业以太网应用中的100 Mb/s速率，而千兆以太网要求采用8针连接器，需要全部四对线进行传输——听起来很熟悉吧？对于PoE，4针M12也只支持Type 1 PoE，利用同一对线同时传输数据和直流电源，而Type 2及更高类型则需要8针M12。M12至RJ45电缆组件也很常见，只需要将电缆的一端连接到存在冲击和振动情况的机械即可。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;">随着工业以太网不断扩展，标准组织不断开发标准为其提供支持，福禄克网络将帮助您与时俱进，快速了解如何测试和认证这些系统.。</p>
<p _mce_style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;" style="font-family: Georgia, &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, &#39;Bitstream Charter&#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; white-space: normal;"><br/></p>
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